CHIEF Justice Sakoane Sakoane recently issued the Code of Conduct for judges and the High Court Civil Litigation Rules (CCLR) 2024 that are meant to help judges dispense their duties effectively. The CCLR shall apply to the administration of civil, commercial, patrimonial proceedings as well as to constitutional proceedings, election, petitions and questions of membership to parliament.
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The purpose and overriding objective of the CCLR is to enable judges to manage cases and facilitate the resolution of the real issues in disputes justly, speedily, efficiently and cost-effectively as far as practicable.
The Code of Conduct instructs judges not to solicit or accept any gifts, bequests, loans or favour about anything in connection with the performance of judicial duties.
Also, a judge shall avoid impropriety and appearance of improper behaviour in all of his or her activities, in and outside the court.
“A judge shall avoid any conduct that may result in bringing the judiciary into disrepute,” the code reads.
The code says a judge must accept personal restrictions that might be viewed as burdensome by ordinary citizens.
“In particular, a judge must conduct himself or herself in a way that is consistent with the dignity of the judicial office,” it reads.
“A judge shall not use or lend the prestige of the judicial office to advance his or her private interests or those of any of his or her family members, associates or friends.”
Regarding participation in extra-curial activities, the code is clear that without compromising the proper performance of his or her judicial duties, a judge may on invitation and permission of the Chief Justice or the President participate in activities like writing, lecturing, teaching and engaging in activities concerning the law, the legal system, the administration of justice and related matters.
On the business side and financial dealings, the code is clear that “a judge shall not serve as an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary”.
The code says a judge shall not further or advance his or her personal financial or business dealings or those of his family members by disclosing or using confidential information acquired during judicial duties.
He said a judge shall not practise law while being the holder of judicial officer but may, without compensation, be consulted by his or her family members or associates on legal matters.
On the use of resources, the code says a judge shall not be extravagant or unreasonable and knowingly allow anyone under his influence or supervision to be extravagant or unreasonable in the use of official resources of the judiciary.
Judges shall exercise caution and restraint in expressing their views in the context of social media which may give the appearance of prejudice, bias or undue influence or may compromise the independence, impartiality, integrity, propriety, dignity, diligence or confidentiality of the judiciary.
The code says judges should not underestimate the extent to which print, social or new media influence them unsuspectingly to make popular decisions or refrain from making decisions that may garner public disapprobation.
“They should therefore exercise caution when they encounter any form of media coverage, particularly about any high profile or sensitive case over which they are presiding,” the code says.
A judge shall not make any public comment that may affect or may reasonably be constructed to affect the outcome of any proceedings or impair their fairness, or make any comment that might compromise a fair trial or hearing.
A judge shall disqualify or recuse himself or herself in any proceedings in which his impartiality may reasonably be questioned including in instances where he has personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts concerning the proceedings.
He said all partisan political activity must cease on appointment, saying they should refrain from conduct that in the mind of a reasonable, fair-minded and informed person, could give rise to the appearance that the judge is engaged in political activity.
He said judges shall refrain from membership in political parties and political fundraising, and should not attend political gatherings and political fundraising events.
Nkheli Liphoto
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